The name of this superfamily has been modified since the most recent official CATH+ release (v4_3_0). At the point of the last release, this superfamily was named:

"
Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain
".

Functional Families

Overview of the Structural Clusters (SC) and Functional Families within this CATH Superfamily. Clusters with a representative structure are represented by a filled circle.
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FunFam 7: single-minded homolog 1 isoform X1

Please note: GO annotations are assigned to the full protein sequence rather than individual protein domains. Since a given protein can contain multiple domains, it is possible that some of the annotations below come from additional domains that occur in the same protein, but have been classified elsewhere in CATH.

There are 15 GO terms relating to "molecular function"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Protein heterodimerization activity GO:0046982
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
8 A1YFY6 (/ISS) A2T6X9 (/ISS) A2T6X9 (/ISS) P81133 (/ISS) P81133 (/ISS) Q8IXF0 (/ISS) Q8IXF0 (/ISS) Q99742 (/ISS)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific GO:0000981
A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units.
6 P81133 (/ISA) P81133 (/ISA) Q14190 (/ISA) Q8IXF0 (/ISA) Q8IXF0 (/ISA) Q99742 (/ISA)
Protein binding GO:0005515
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
5 P97459 (/IPI) P97459 (/IPI) Q61045 (/IPI) Q61079 (/IPI) Q9QZQ0 (/IPI)
Protein heterodimerization activity GO:0046982
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
5 P05709 (/IPI) Q24119 (/IPI) Q24119 (/IPI) Q61045 (/IPI) Q61079 (/IPI)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity GO:0003700
A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
4 P81133 (/TAS) P81133 (/TAS) Q14190 (/TAS) Q99742 (/TAS)
Protein heterodimerization activity GO:0046982
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
4 P97459 (/IDA) P97459 (/IDA) Q61045 (/IDA) Q9QZQ0 (/IDA)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific GO:0000981
A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units.
3 Q8IXF0 (/ISM) Q8IXF0 (/ISM) Q99742 (/ISM)
DNA binding GO:0003677
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
3 P81133 (/TAS) P81133 (/TAS) Q14190 (/TAS)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity GO:0003700
A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
3 P05709 (/IPI) Q24119 (/IPI) Q24119 (/IPI)
Sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0043565
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
3 P05709 (/IDA) Q24119 (/IDA) Q24119 (/IDA)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific GO:0000981
A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units.
2 Q24119 (/ISS) Q24119 (/ISS)
RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0000978
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in the proximal promoter of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The proximal promoter is in cis with and relatively close to the core promoter.
1 P05709 (/IDA)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific GO:0000981
A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units.
1 P05709 (/IDA)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific GO:0000981
A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units.
1 Q99742 (/NAS)
DNA binding GO:0003677
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
1 Q61079 (/IDA)

There are 49 GO terms relating to "biological process"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045893
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
6 F6VP83 (/ISS) Q8IXF0 (/ISS) Q8IXF0 (/ISS) U5KC18 (/ISS) U5KCB1 (/ISS) U5KCL3 (/ISS)
Startle response GO:0001964
An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus.
3 P97459 (/IGI) P97459 (/IGI) Q9QZQ0 (/IGI)
Nervous system development GO:0007399
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
3 P81133 (/TAS) P81133 (/TAS) Q14190 (/TAS)
Maternal behavior GO:0042711
Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring.
3 P97459 (/IGI) P97459 (/IGI) Q9QZQ0 (/IGI)
Negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045892
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
3 P97459 (/IDA) P97459 (/IDA) Q61079 (/IDA)
Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0000122
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.
2 P97459 (/IDA) P97459 (/IDA)
Axon guidance GO:0007411
The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
2 P05709 (/IMP) Q98SJ5 (/IMP)
Open tracheal system development GO:0007424
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
2 Q24119 (/IMP) Q24119 (/IMP)
Open tracheal system development GO:0007424
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
2 Q24119 (/TAS) Q24119 (/TAS)
Epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system GO:0007425
The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epithelial cell within an open tracheal system regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Tracheal cells are set aside as 10 clusters of approximately 80 cells on each side of the embryo (termed tracheal placodes). An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
2 Q24119 (/IMP) Q24119 (/IMP)
Salivary gland development GO:0007431
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.
2 Q24119 (/IMP) Q24119 (/IMP)
Salivary gland development GO:0007431
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.
2 Q24119 (/NAS) Q24119 (/NAS)
Salivary gland morphogenesis GO:0007435
The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.
2 Q24119 (/IMP) Q24119 (/IMP)
Salivary gland morphogenesis GO:0007435
The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.
2 Q24119 (/TAS) Q24119 (/TAS)
Malpighian tubule morphogenesis GO:0007443
The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.
2 Q24119 (/IMP) Q24119 (/IMP)
Tracheal pit formation in open tracheal system GO:0035202
Formation of the tracheal pits, the first tube-like structures to form in the open tracheal system. Once cells are determined to their tracheal cell fate, the tracheal pits arise by invagination of each ectodermal cluster of tracheal placode cells, between 5 and 7 hours after egg laying. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
2 Q24119 (/IMP) Q24119 (/IMP)
Spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system GO:0035277
The process in which the anatomical structures of a spiracle are generated and organized. Spiracles are the openings in the insect open tracheal system; externally they connect to the epidermis and internally they connect to the tracheal trunk.
2 Q24119 (/IMP) Q24119 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
2 Q24119 (/IMP) Q24119 (/IMP)
Limb development GO:0060173
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin.
2 Q24119 (/IMP) Q24119 (/IMP)
Epithelial tube formation GO:0072175
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube.
2 Q24119 (/IMP) Q24119 (/IMP)
Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0000122
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.
1 Q61079 (/IGI)
Ureteric bud development GO:0001657
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1 Q61045 (/IEP)
Kidney development GO:0001822
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
1 E1C5G3 (/IMP)
Regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
1 Q61045 (/IDA)
Regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
1 P05709 (/NAS)
Ectoderm development GO:0007398
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.
1 P05709 (/TAS)
Axonogenesis GO:0007409
De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.
1 P05709 (/IMP)
Axon guidance GO:0007411
The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
1 Q98SJ5 (/IGI)
Central nervous system development GO:0007417
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
1 Q99742 (/TAS)
Ventral midline development GO:0007418
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate.
1 P05709 (/IMP)
Ventral cord development GO:0007419
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms.
1 P05709 (/IMP)
Brain development GO:0007420
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
1 P05709 (/IMP)
Locomotory behavior GO:0007626
The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
1 Q9QZQ0 (/IMP)
Adult walking behavior GO:0007628
The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.
1 P05709 (/IMP)
Adult walking behavior GO:0007628
The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.
1 P05709 (/TAS)
Embryonic pattern specification GO:0009880
The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo.
1 Q61079 (/IMP)
Diencephalon development GO:0021536
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the diencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.
1 Q98SJ5 (/IMP)
Hypothalamus cell differentiation GO:0021979
The differentiation of cells that will contribute to the structure and function of the hypothalamus.
1 Q98SJ5 (/IMP)
Lung development GO:0030324
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
1 Q61079 (/IMP)
Determination of genital disc primordium GO:0035225
Allocation of embryonic cells to the genital imaginal disc founder populations. Early in development at the blastoderm stage, the anlage of the genital disc of both sexes consists of three primordia: the female genital primoridum lcoated anteriorly, the anal primoridum located posteriorly, and the male gential primordium between the two.
1 P05709 (/IMP)
Pronephric proximal tubule development GO:0035776
The progression of the pronephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.
1 Q98SJ5 (/IMP)
Locomotion GO:0040011
Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.
1 P05709 (/TAS)
Negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045892
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
1 Q99742 (/ISS)
Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045893
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
1 Q9QZQ0 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1 P05709 (/IDA)
Pronephros development GO:0048793
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
1 Q98SJ5 (/IMP)
Dopaminergic neuron differentiation GO:0071542
The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.
1 Q98SJ5 (/IGI)
Dopaminergic neuron differentiation GO:0071542
The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.
1 Q98SJ5 (/IMP)
Nephric duct formation GO:0072179
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephric duct. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
1 E1C5G3 (/IMP)

There are 12 GO terms relating to "cellular component"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Nucleus GO:0005634
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
8 P05709 (/IDA) P97459 (/IDA) P97459 (/IDA) Q24119 (/IDA) Q24119 (/IDA) Q61045 (/IDA) Q61079 (/IDA) Q9QZQ0 (/IDA)
Nucleoplasm GO:0005654
That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
8 F8VR32 (/IDA) F8VS42 (/IDA) Q14190 (/IDA) Q8IXF0 (/IDA) Q8IXF0 (/IDA) X5D2Q4 (/IDA) X5D2Q4 (/IDA) X5D988 (/IDA)
Cytosol GO:0005829
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
7 F8VR32 (/IDA) F8VS42 (/IDA) Q8IXF0 (/IDA) Q8IXF0 (/IDA) X5D2Q4 (/IDA) X5D2Q4 (/IDA) X5D988 (/IDA)
Nucleus GO:0005634
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
4 F6VP83 (/ISS) Q24119 (/ISS) Q24119 (/ISS) Q9QZQ0 (/ISS)
Nucleoplasm GO:0005654
That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
3 U5KC18 (/ISS) U5KCB1 (/ISS) U5KCL3 (/ISS)
Cytosol GO:0005829
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
3 U5KC18 (/ISS) U5KCB1 (/ISS) U5KCL3 (/ISS)
Nucleoplasm GO:0005654
That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
2 Q61079 (/ISO) Q9QZQ0 (/ISO)
Cytoplasm GO:0005737
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
2 F6VP83 (/ISS) Q9QZQ0 (/ISS)
Cytoplasm GO:0005737
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
1 P05709 (/IDA)
Cytosol GO:0005829
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
1 Q9QZQ0 (/ISO)
Nuclear body GO:0016604
Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
1 Q14190 (/IDA)
Nuclear body GO:0016604
Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
1 Q61079 (/ISO)
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