The name of this superfamily has been modified since the most recent official CATH+ release (v4_3_0). At the point of the last release, this superfamily was named:

"
Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain
".

Functional Families

Overview of the Structural Clusters (SC) and Functional Families within this CATH Superfamily. Clusters with a representative structure are represented by a filled circle.
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FunFam 4: Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor

Please note: GO annotations are assigned to the full protein sequence rather than individual protein domains. Since a given protein can contain multiple domains, it is possible that some of the annotations below come from additional domains that occur in the same protein, but have been classified elsewhere in CATH.

There are 10 GO terms relating to "molecular function"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
DNA-binding transcription factor activity GO:0003700
A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
12 O80536 (/ISS) Q84LH8 (/ISS) Q84LH8 (/ISS) Q8GZM7 (/ISS) Q8W2F3 (/ISS) Q8W2F3 (/ISS) Q9FHA2 (/ISS) Q9FUA4 (/ISS) Q9FUA4 (/ISS) Q9SVU6 (/ISS)
(2 more)
Protein binding GO:0005515
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
12 O80536 (/IPI) Q0JNI9 (/IPI) Q10CH5 (/IPI) Q10CH5 (/IPI) Q6AT90 (/IPI) Q84LH8 (/IPI) Q84LH8 (/IPI) Q8GZM7 (/IPI) Q8W2F3 (/IPI) Q8W2F3 (/IPI)
(2 more)
DNA binding GO:0003677
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
4 O80536 (/IDA) Q8GZM7 (/IDA) Q8W2F3 (/IDA) Q8W2F3 (/IDA)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity GO:0003700
A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
3 Q9FHA2 (/IMP) Q9FUA4 (/IMP) Q9FUA4 (/IMP)
Identical protein binding GO:0042802
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
2 O80536 (/IPI) Q8GZM7 (/IPI)
Transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0000976
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
1 O80536 (/IPI)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity GO:0003700
A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
1 Q8GZM7 (/IDA)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity GO:0003700
A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
1 Q8GZM7 (/TAS)
Phytochrome binding GO:0010313
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phytochrome.
1 Q8GZM7 (/IDA)
Transcription regulatory region DNA binding GO:0044212
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
1 O80536 (/IPI)

There are 34 GO terms relating to "biological process"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
4 O80536 (/TAS) Q9SVU6 (/TAS) Q9SVU6 (/TAS) Q9SVU7 (/TAS)
Response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system GO:0010244
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a low fluence blue light stimulus by the blue low-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue low-fluence system responds to blue light at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. In certain species excitation of the blue low fluence system induces the transcription of a number of nuclear and plastid coded genes.
4 Q84LH8 (/IDA) Q84LH8 (/IDA) Q8W2F3 (/IDA) Q8W2F3 (/IDA)
Regulation of auxin biosynthetic process GO:0010600
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
4 Q84LH8 (/IDA) Q84LH8 (/IDA) Q8W2F3 (/IDA) Q8W2F3 (/IDA)
Regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway GO:0010928
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
4 Q84LH8 (/IDA) Q84LH8 (/IDA) Q8W2F3 (/IDA) Q8W2F3 (/IDA)
Regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
3 Q0JNI9 (/IDA) Q10CH5 (/IDA) Q10CH5 (/IDA)
De-etiolation GO:0009704
The greening response of plants grown in the dark (etiolated) as a result of chloroplast biogenesis and the accumulation of chlorophyll.
3 O80536 (/IMP) Q8W2F3 (/IMP) Q8W2F3 (/IMP)
Red or far-red light signaling pathway GO:0010017
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
3 O80536 (/IMP) Q8W2F3 (/IMP) Q8W2F3 (/IMP)
Negative regulation of seed germination GO:0010187
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.
3 Q8GZM7 (/IMP) Q9FUA4 (/IMP) Q9FUA4 (/IMP)
Negative regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway GO:0090229
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light.
3 Q0JNI9 (/IDA) Q10CH5 (/IDA) Q10CH5 (/IDA)
Circadian rhythm GO:0007623
Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
2 Q9FUA4 (/IEP) Q9FUA4 (/IEP)
Response to cold GO:0009409
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
2 Q9FUA4 (/IMP) Q9FUA4 (/IMP)
Red, far-red light phototransduction GO:0009585
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from red or far-red light into a molecular signal; the red, far-red light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range 660-730 nm.
2 Q84LH8 (/IMP) Q84LH8 (/IMP)
Ethylene biosynthetic process GO:0009693
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
2 Q84LH8 (/IMP) Q84LH8 (/IMP)
Gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway GO:0009740
A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid.
2 O80536 (/IMP) Q8GZM7 (/IMP)
Response to red light GO:0010114
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
2 Q9FUA4 (/IMP) Q9FUA4 (/IMP)
Fruit development GO:0010154
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.
2 Q9FUA4 (/IMP) Q9FUA4 (/IMP)
Red light signaling pathway GO:0010161
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
2 Q8W2F3 (/IGI) Q8W2F3 (/IGI)
Regulation of auxin biosynthetic process GO:0010600
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
2 Q8W2F3 (/IMP) Q8W2F3 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045893
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
2 Q10CH5 (/IDA) Q10CH5 (/IDA)
Carpel development GO:0048440
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the carpel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A carpel is an organ (generally believed to be a modified foliar unit) at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style.
2 Q9FUA4 (/IMP) Q9FUA4 (/IMP)
Internode patterning GO:0080006
Determines the spacing between two shoot nodes. A shoot node is the region of the shoot where the spikelet, flower, floret, branch, bud and/or leaves are attached.
2 Q10CH5 (/IMP) Q10CH5 (/IMP)
Regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
1 Q8GZM7 (/IMP)
Heme biosynthetic process GO:0006783
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors.
1 Q8GZM7 (/IMP)
Response to red or far red light GO:0009639
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
1 O80536 (/IMP)
Negative gravitropism GO:0009959
The orientation of plant parts away from gravity.
1 Q8GZM7 (/IMP)
Negative gravitropism GO:0009959
The orientation of plant parts away from gravity.
1 Q8GZM7 (/TAS)
Regulation of seed germination GO:0010029
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.
1 Q8GZM7 (/TAS)
Fruit dehiscence GO:0010047
The process leading to the spontaneous opening of the fruit permitting the escape of seeds.
1 Q9FHA2 (/IMP)
Regulation of photomorphogenesis GO:0010099
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.
1 Q8GZM7 (/TAS)
Negative regulation of photomorphogenesis GO:0010100
Any process that stops, reduces or prevents photomorphogenesis.
1 Q8GZM7 (/IMP)
Red light signaling pathway GO:0010161
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
1 Q8GZM7 (/IDA)
Chlorophyll biosynthetic process GO:0015995
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.
1 Q8GZM7 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process GO:0031539
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.
1 O80536 (/IMP)
Regulation of seed growth GO:0080113
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the seed of an plant.
1 Q6AT90 (/IMP)

There are 2 GO terms relating to "cellular component"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Nucleus GO:0005634
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
13 O80536 (/IDA) Q0JNI9 (/IDA) Q10CH5 (/IDA) Q10CH5 (/IDA) Q6AT90 (/IDA) Q84LH8 (/IDA) Q84LH8 (/IDA) Q8GZM7 (/IDA) Q8W2F3 (/IDA) Q8W2F3 (/IDA)
(3 more)
Nucleus GO:0005634
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
1 Q9FHA2 (/ISS)
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