The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage.

The closure of the temporary ventral gap in the optic cup that contributes to its shaping.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.

The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.

The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix.

The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.

The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.

Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.

Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a neural crest cell.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.

The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate.

The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate.

Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.

The process of transferring information from a stromal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted, as part of prostate gland development.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary male sexual characteristics are the testes, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

The process of creating a trabecula in the bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.

The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.

The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of planar polarity, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors that modulates the establishment of planar polarity contributing to neural tube closure.

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state that contributes to somitogenesis.

The morphogenetic process in which a presomitic mesoderm narrows along the left-right axis and lengthens in the rostral-caudal axis contributing to somitogenesis.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway modulating the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway modulating the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells.

An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells.

An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.