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CATH Superfamily 1.10.600.10

Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase

The name of this superfamily has been modified since the most recent official CATH+ release (v4_3_0). At the point of the last release, this superfamily was named:

"
Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase
".

Functional Families

Overview of the Structural Clusters (SC) and Functional Families within this CATH Superfamily. Clusters with a representative structure are represented by a filled circle.
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FunFam 7: Isoprene synthase, chloroplastic

There are 40 EC terms in this cluster

Please note: EC annotations are assigned to the full protein sequence rather than individual protein domains. Since a given protein can contain multiple domains, it is possible that some of the annotations below come from additional domains that occur in the same protein, but have been classified elsewhere in CATH.

Note: The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.

EC Term Annotations Evidence
(+)-delta-cadinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.13]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-delta-cadinene + diphosphate.
  • The sesquiterpenoid (+)-delta-cadinene is an intermediate in phytoalexin biosynthesis.
  • Formerly EC 4.6.1.11.
 22 A0A1S2X8Q6 A0A1S2X8Q6 A0A1U8JA20 A0A1U8JA20 A0A1U8KMX0 A0A1U8KMX0 A0A1U8KY71 A0A1U8KY71 A0A2P5X227 A0A2P5X227
(12 more...)
Germacrene-A synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.23]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-(R)-germacrene A + diphosphate.
  • While germacrene A is an enzyme-bound intermediate in the biosynthesis of a number of phytoalexins, e.g. EC 4.2.3.9 from some species and EC 4.2.3.21, it is the sole sesquiterpenoid product formed in chicory.
 11 A0A251SHW6 A0A251SHW6 A0A3Q8QER8 A0A3Q8QER8 B0FGA9 Q49SP5 Q4U3F7 Q4U3F7 Q8LSC2 Q8LSC2
(1 more...)
Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.24]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = amorpha-4,11-diene + diphosphate.
  • A key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the antimalarial endoperoxide artemisinin.
  • Catalyzes the formation of both olefinic and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with amorpha-4,11-diene being the major product.
  • When geranyl diphosphate is used as a substrate, no monoterpenes are produced.
 4 A0A1L7NYF5 A0A1L7NYF5 Q9AR04 Q9AR04
Tricyclene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.105]
Geranyl diphosphate = tricyclene + diphosphate.
  • The enzyme from Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) gives a mixture of tricyclene, camphene, beta-myrcene, limonene, and traces of several other monoterpenoids.
  • See EC 4.2.3.117, EC 4.2.3.15 and EC 4.2.3.16.
 4 A4FVP2 Q5UB07 Q672F7 Q9ZUH4
(+)-gamma-cadinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.92]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-gamma-cadinene + diphosphate.
  • The cloned enzyme from the melon, Cucumis melo, gave mainly delta- and gamma-cadinene with traces of several other sesquiterpenoids cf. EC 4.2.3.62 and EC 4.2.3.13.
 4 A0A1S2X8Q6 A0A1S2X8Q6 B2KSJ5 B2KSJ5
(S)-beta-macrocarpene synthase. [EC: 5.5.1.17]
(S)-beta-bisabolene = (S)-beta-macrocarpene.
    		 4 A0A1Q0XLC1 A0A1Q0XLD3 Q1EG72 Q5GJ60
    (E)-beta-ocimene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.106]
    Geranyl diphosphate = (E)-beta-ocimene + diphosphate.
    • Widely distributed in plants, which release beta-ocimene when attacked by herbivorous insects.
    		 4 A4FVP2 Q5UB07 Q672F7 Q9ZUH4
    Alpha-guaiene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.87]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = alpha-guaiene + diphosphate.
    • The enzyme from Pogostemon cablin gives 13% alpha-guaiene as well as 37% (-)-patchoulol (see EC 4.2.3.70), 13% delta-guaiene (see EC 4.2.3.93), and traces of at least ten other sesquiterpenoids.
    • In Aquilaria crassna three clones of the enzyme gave about 80% delta- guaiene and 20% alpha-guaiene, with traces of alpha-humulene.
    • A fourth clone gave 54% delta-guaiene and 45% alpha-guaiene.
    		 3 D0VMR6 D0VMR7 D0VMR8
    Isoprene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.27]
    Dimethylallyl diphosphate = isoprene + diphosphate.
    • Located in the chloroplast of isoprene-emitting plants, such as poplar and aspen, and may be activitated by light-dependent changes in chloroplast pH and Mg(2+) concentration.
    		 3 Q50L36 Q7XAS7 Q9AR86
    Delta-guaiene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.93]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = delta-guaiene + diphosphate.
    • In Aquilaria crassna three clones of the enzyme gave about 80% delta- guaiene and 20% alpha-guaiene (see also EC 4.2.3.87).
    • A fourth clone gave 54% delta-guaiene and 45% alpha-guaiene.
    • The enzyme from Pogostemon cablin gives 13% delta-guaiene as well as 37% (-)-patchoulol (see EC 4.2.3.70), 13% alpha-guaiene (see EC 4.2.3.87), and traces of at least ten other sesquiterpenoids.
    		 3 D0VMR6 D0VMR7 D0VMR8
    R-linalool synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.26]
    Geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (3R)-linalool + diphosphate.
    • Geranyl diphosphate cannot be replaced by isopentenyl diphosphate, dimethylallyl diphosphate, farnesyl diphosphate or geranylgeranyl diphosphate as substrate.
    • Unlike many other monoterpene synthases, only a single product, (3R)- linalool, is formed.
    		 3 Q8H2B4 Q9SPN0 Q9SPN1
    Viridiflorene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.88]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = viridiflorene + diphosphate.
    • Viridiflorene is the only product of this enzyme from Solanum lycopersicum.
    		 2 G5CV45 G5CV46
    Gamma-terpinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.114]
    Geranyl diphosphate = gamma-terpinene + diphosphate.
    • Isolated from Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus unshiu (satsuma) and Origanum vulgare (oregano).
    • The reaction involves a 1,2-hydride shift.
    • The 5-pro-S hydrogen of geranyl diphosphate is lost.
    • Traces of several other monoterpenoids are formed in addition to gamma-terpinene.
    		 2 E2E2P0 Q8L5K4
    Alpha-copaene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.133]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = alpha-copaene + diphosphate.
    • Isolated from Helianthus annuus (sunflower).
    • The enzyme also produces beta-caryophyllene, delta-cadinene and traces of other sesquiterpenoids.
    • See EC 4.2.3.13 and EC 4.2.3.57.
    		 2 B9S9Z3 J7LP58
    Dolabella-3,7-dien-18-ol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.167]
    Geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (3E,7E)-dolabella-3,7-dien-18-ol + diphosphate.
    • Isolated from an ecotype of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana from Cape Verde Islands.
    • The enzyme also gives (3E,7E)-dolathalia-3,7,11-triene and traces of other terpenoids.
    • Cf. EC 4.2.3.168.
    		 2 A0A178U9Y5 Q84UU9
    (-)-germacrene D synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.75]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-germacrene D + diphosphate.
    • In Solidago canadensis the biosynthesis results in the pro-R hydrogen at C-1 of the farnesy diphosphate ending up at C-11 of the (-)- germacrene D.
    • With Streptomyces coelicolor the pro-S hydrogen at C-1 ends up at C-11 of the (-)-germacrene D.
    • Formerly EC 4.2.3.n13.
    		 2 Q49SP4 Q49SP6
    Myrcene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.15]
    Geranyl diphosphate = myrcene + diphosphate.
    • Mg(2+) is essentially ineffective as the divalent metal ion cofactor.
    • Formerly EC 4.1.99.9.
    		 2 Q9LRZ6 Q9ZUH4
    Vetispiradiene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.21]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = vetispiradiene + diphosphate.
    • The initial internal cyclization produces the monocyclic intermediate germacrene A.
    		 2 Q39978 Q9XJ32
    (+)-alpha-terpineol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.112]
    Geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (+)-alpha-terpineol + diphosphate.
    • The enzyme has been characterized from Santalum album (sandalwood).
    • Also forms some (-)-limonene and traces of other monoterpenoids.
    • See EC 4.2.3.16.
    		 2 B3TPQ7 B5A434
    Bicyclogermacrene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.100]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = bicyclogermacrene + diphosphate.
    • The enzyme from oregano (Origanum vulgare) gives mainly bicyclogermacrene with Mn(2+) as a cofactor.
    • With Mg(2+) a more complex mixture is produced.
    		 2 E2E2N7 J7LMP2
    (Z)-gamma-bisabolene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.40]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (Z)-gamma-bisabolene + diphosphate.
    • This sesquiterpenoid enzyme is constitutively expressed in the root, hydathodes and stigma of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
    • If the leaves of the plant are wounded, e.g. by cutting, the enzyme is also induced close to the wound site.
    • The sesquiterpenoids (E)-nerolidol and alpha-bisabolol are also produced by this enzyme as minor products.
    		 2 Q9T0J9 Q9T0K1
    Geranyl diphosphate diphosphatase. [EC: 3.1.7.11]
    Geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = geraniol + diphosphate.
    • Isolated from Ocimum basilicum (basil) and Cinnamomum tenuipile (camphor tree).
    • Geraniol is labelled when formed in the presence of ((18)O)H2O.
    • Thus mechanism involves a geranyl cation.
    • Neryl diphosphate is hydrolyzed more slowly.
    • May be the same as EC 3.1.7.3.
    		 2 Q6USK1 Q8GUE4
    Alpha-farnesene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.46]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (3E,6E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphate.
      		 2 A4FVP2 B9RXW0
      (+)-alpha-pinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.121]
      Geranyl diphosphate = (+)-alpha-pinene + diphosphate.
      • Cyclase I of Salvia officinalis (sage) gives about equal parts (+)- alpha-pinene and (+)-camphene, whereas cyclase III gives about equal parts of (+)-alpha-pinene and (+)-beta-pinene.
      • (3R)-linalyl diphosphate can also be used by the enzyme in preference to (3S)-linalyl diphosphate.
      • The 4-pro-R hydrogen of geranyl diphosphate is lost.
      • With synthase II of Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) (+)-beta-pinene was the only product.
      • See also EC 4.2.3.122 and EC 4.2.3.116.
      		 1 O81192
      (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.138]
      (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol + diphosphate.
      • Isolated from the plant Phyla dulcis (Aztec sweet herb).
      • (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol is the precursor of the sweetener hernandulcin.
      		 1 J7LH11
      Rhizathalene A synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.195]
      Geranylgeranyl diphosphate = rhizathalene A + diphosphate.
      • The enzyme was identified in the roots of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress).
      • The product is a semivolatile diterpene that acts as a local antifeedant in belowground direct defense against root-feeding insects.
      		 1 O65435
      (+)-bornyl diphosphate synthase. [EC: 5.5.1.8]
      Geranyl diphosphate = (+)-bornyl diphosphate.
      • The enzyme from Salvia officinalis (sage) can also use (3R)-linalyl diphosphate or more slowly neryl diphosphate in vitro.
      • The reaction proceeds via isomeration of geranyl diphosphate to (3R)- linalyl diphosphate.
      • The oxygen and phosphorus originally linked to C-1 of geranyl diphosphate end up linked to C-2 of (+)-bornyl diphosphate.
      • cf. EC 5.5.1.22.
      		 1 O81192
      (3S,6E)-nerolidol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.48]
      (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate.
      • The enzyme catalyzes a step in the formation of 4,8-dimethyl- 1,3(E),7-nonatriene, a key signal molecule in induced plant defense mediated by the attraction of enemies of herbivores (2).
      • Nerolidol is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants.
      		 1 Q29VN2
      Exo-alpha-bergamotene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.81]
      (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate.
      • The enzyme synthesizes a mixture of sesquiterpenoids from (2E,6E)- farnesyl diphosphate.
      • As well as (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene (74%) there were (E)-nerolidol (10%), (Z)-alpha-bisabolene (6%), (E)-beta-farnesene (5%) and beta- sesquiphellandrene (1%).
      		 1 J7LQ09
      (-)-alpha-terpineol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.111]
      Geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (-)-alpha-terpineol + diphosphate.
      • The enzyme has been characterized from Vitis vinifera (grape).
      • Also forms some 1,8-cineole and traces of other monoterpenoids.
      		 1 B3TPQ7
      Alpha-terpinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.115]
      Geranyl diphosphate = alpha-terpinene + diphosphate.
      • The enzyme has been characterized from Dysphania ambrosioides (American wormseed).
      • The enzyme will also use (3R)-linalyl diphosphate.
      • The reaction involves a 1,2-hydride shift.
      • The 1-pro-S hydrogen of geranyl diphosphate is lost.
      		 1 E2E2P0
      S-linalool synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.25]
      Geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (3S)-linalool + diphosphate.
      • Neither (S)- nor (R)-linalyl diphosphate can act as substrate for the enzyme from Clarkia breweri.
      • Unlike many other monoterpene synthases, only a single product, (3S)- linalool, is formed.
      		 1 Q29VN2
      Thujopsene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.79]
      (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-thujopsene + diphosphate.
      • The recombinant enzyme from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana produces 27.3% (+)-alpha-barbatene, 17.8% (+)-thujopsene and 9.9% (+)-beta- chamigrene plus traces of other sesquiterpenoids.
      • See EC 4.2.3.69 and EC 4.2.3.78.
      		 1 Q4KSH9
      Geranyllinalool synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.144]
      Geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (E,E)-geranyllinalool + diphosphate.
      • The enzyme is a component of the herbivore-induced indirect defense system.
      • The product, (E,E)-geranyllinalool, is a precursor to the volatile compound 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT), which is released by many plants in response to damage.
      		 1 Q29VN2
      (+)-alpha-barbatene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.69]
      (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-alpha-barbatene + diphosphate.
      • The recombinant enzyme from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana produces 27.3% alpha-barbatene, 17.8% thujopsene (cf. EC 4.2.3.79) and 9.9% beta-chamigrene (cf. 4.2.3.78) plus traces of other sesquiterpenoids.
      		 1 Q4KSH9
      (+)-camphene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.116]
      Geranyl diphosphate = (+)-camphene + diphosphate.
      • Cyclase I of Salvia officinalis (sage) gives about equal parts (+)- camphene and (+)-alpha-pinene.
      • (3R)-linalyl diphosphate can also be used by the enzyme in preference to (3S)-linalyl diphosphate.
      • See also EC 4.2.3.121.
      		 1 O81192
      Beta-cubebene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.128]
      (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = beta-cubebene + diphosphate.
      • Isolated from the fungus Coprinus cinereus.
      • The enzyme also forms (+)-delta-cadinene, beta-copaene, (+)-sativene and traces of several other sequiterpenoids.
      • It is found in many higher plants such as Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia) together with germacrene A.
      • See EC 4.2.3.13 EC 4.2.3.127 EC 4.2.3.129 and EC 4.2.3.23.
      		 1 B3TPQ6
      Beta-chamigrene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.78]
      (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-beta-chamigrene + diphosphate.
      • The recombinant enzyme from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana produces 27.3% (+)-alpha-barbatene, 17.8% (+)-thujopsene and 9.9% (+)-beta- chamigrene plus traces of other sesquiterpenoids.
      • See EC 4.2.3.69 and EC 4.2.3.79.
      		 1 Q4KSH9
      Gamma-curcumene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.94]
      (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = gamma-curcumene + diphosphate.
      • One of five sesquiterpenoid synthases in Pogostemon cablin (patchouli).
      		 1 Q49SP7
      Dolathalia-3,7,11-triene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.168]
      Geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (3E,7E)-dolathalia-3,7,11-triene + diphosphate.
      • Isolated from an ecotype of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana from Cape Verde Islands.
      • The enzyme also gives (3E,7E)-dolabella-3,7-dien-18-ol and traces of other terpenoids.
      • Cf. EC 4.2.3.167.
      		 1 A0A178U9Y5
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