The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol.

The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome, from their formation in S phase through metaphase during a mitotic cell cycle. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission.

The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome, from their formation in S phase through metaphase during a mitotic cell cycle. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission.

The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.

The process in which copies of the 2-micrometer plasmid, found in fungi such as Saccharomyces, are distributed to daughter cells upon cell division.

The process in which copies of the 2-micrometer plasmid, found in fungi such as Saccharomyces, are distributed to daughter cells upon cell division.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.

A cell cycle checkpoint that monitors and signals errors in the placement or orientation of the spindle in the cell. This delays the completion of anaphase until errors are corrected.

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule plus-end.

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.

The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, such as leaves or tendrils, in response to a touch stimulus, usually toward or away from it.

A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.

A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.

During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.

The microtubule-based movement of nuclei towards one another as a prelude to karyogamy in organisms undergoing conjugation with cellular fusion.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.

The orientation of plant parts towards gravity.

Oscillatory movement of the nucleus involved in meiosis I. This oscillatory movement is led by an astral microtubule array emanating from the spindle pole body, and driven by the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule.

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.

The cell cycle process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex as part of mitotic metaphase plate congression.

The cell cycle process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex as part of mitotic metaphase plate congression.

The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle that contributes to the process of mitosis.

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule plus-end.

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at a mitotic spindle pole body.

The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.

Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.

Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.

The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability.

The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.

Fibrous structure (light microscope view) that arises between the daughter nuclei at telophase and within which the initial partition (cell plate), dividing the mother cell in two (cytokinesis), is formed. Appears at first as a spindle connected to the two nuclei, but later spreads laterally in the form of a ring. Consists of microtubules.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.

The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.

A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.

An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.

Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.

Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.

A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.

Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.

Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell.

A dense band of microtubules, 1-3 pm wide, that appears just beneath the cell membrane before the start of cell division in the cells of higher plants. It precedes the onset of prophase and then disappears as mitosis begins, yet it somehow determines the plane of orientation of the new cell plate forming in late telophase and marks the zone of the parental cell wall where fusion with the growing cell plate ultimately occurs.

The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins.

A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.

The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement.

An amorphous structure surrounding the core of the centrosome, from which microtubules are nucleated; contains gamma-tubulin.

The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the mitotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.

The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.

Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane in the cortical cytosol.

Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.

The area in the center of the anaphase spindle consisting of microtubules, microtubule bundling factors and kinesin motors where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap in an antiparallel manner.