Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.

The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.

The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group.

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 13 (H2A-K13) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K13 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 15 (H2A-K15) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K15 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.

The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.

A histone ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.

The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.

The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.

The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.

The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group.

The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group.

The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group.

Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA. DNA interstrand crosslinks occur when both strands of duplex DNA are covalently tethered together (e.g. by an exogenous or endogenous agent), thus preventing the strand unwinding necessary for essential DNA functions such as transcription and replication.

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 13 (H2A-K13) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K13 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 13 (H2A-K13) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K13 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 15 (H2A-K15) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K15 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 15 (H2A-K15) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K15 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 15 (H2A-K15) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K15 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.

The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.

A histone ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.

A histone ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.

A histone ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.

A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. The complex also contains other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.

A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. The complex also contains other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.

A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. The complex also contains other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.

A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.

A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.

A protein complex involved in DNA repair processes including direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.