Any process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.

Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.

Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference.

Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference.

Cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.

Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.

The transfer of a microRNA (miRNA) strand from a miRNA:miRNA duplex onto the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC).

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.

The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination.

The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.

The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.

Any process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.

The process in which small interfering RNAs target cognate mRNA molecules for degradation.

The transfer of small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) from the Dicer family of enzymes that cleave the double-stranded RNA, onto the nuclease-containing RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC), in the context of RNA interference.

The transfer of a microRNA (miRNA) strand from a miRNA:miRNA duplex onto the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC).

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transcription of the viral genome.

Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.

The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.

The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through somatic mutation.

The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination.

The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination.

The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination.

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.

Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s).

Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s).

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte.

The process in which small interfering RNAs target cognate mRNA molecules for degradation.

Any process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.

Cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window).

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.

The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.

The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transcription of the viral genome.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized.

Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.

A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a type I interferon to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor.

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells within a population of cells.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference.

Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference.

Cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

The process in which small interfering RNAs target cognate mRNA molecules for degradation.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.

The transfer of small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) from the Dicer family of enzymes that cleave the double-stranded RNA, onto the nuclease-containing RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC), in the context of RNA interference.

The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window).

The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transcription of the viral genome.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized.

Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.

Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.

The multiplication or reproduction of neural precursor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A neural precursor cell is either a nervous system stem cell or a nervous system progenitor cell.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.

Multicomponent complex of RNA and proteins that is composed of four active spliceosomes, termed native spliceosomes, connected to each other by the pre-mRNA. The supraspliceosome is the nuclear machine where the pre-mRNA processing takes place, like the 5'-end capping, 3'-end cleavage, splicing and editing.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.

The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.

A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.

Multicomponent complex of RNA and proteins that is composed of four active spliceosomes, termed native spliceosomes, connected to each other by the pre-mRNA. The supraspliceosome is the nuclear machine where the pre-mRNA processing takes place, like the 5'-end capping, 3'-end cleavage, splicing and editing.

Multicomponent complex of RNA and proteins that is composed of four active spliceosomes, termed native spliceosomes, connected to each other by the pre-mRNA. The supraspliceosome is the nuclear machine where the pre-mRNA processing takes place, like the 5'-end capping, 3'-end cleavage, splicing and editing.

A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.