A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process that mediates interactions between an AV node cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the AV node cell communicating with a bundle of His cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.

The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.

A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of epithelial structure.

The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules.

The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.

A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of epithelial structure.

The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.

The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other.

The attachment of an AV node cell to an bundle of His cell via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrioventricular node myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a late stripe melanocyte (LSM). In zebrafish, LSMs develop during the second phase (3-4 weeks of development) of the larva-to-adult transition (2-4 weeks of development).

The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.

The orderly movement of melanocytes from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the formation of a vascular network.\n\n\nDef: The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the formation of a blood vessel network.

The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form.

A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of epithelial structure.

Protection of epithelial surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract from proteolytic and caustic digestive agents.

The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules.

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.

The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.

A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.

The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.

The process that mediates interactions between an AV node cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the AV node cell communicating with a bundle of His cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.

The attachment of an AV node cell to an bundle of His cell via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrioventricular node myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.

A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome.

Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.

The migrating motile tip of a growing neuron projection, where actin accumulates, and the actin cytoskeleton is the most dynamic.

The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.

An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.

A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments.

The apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells.

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.

A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.

The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments.

Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.

The apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells.

A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments.

An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.

An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.

An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.

A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.

A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.

The apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells.

A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.

Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.

The migrating motile tip of a growing neuron projection, where actin accumulates, and the actin cytoskeleton is the most dynamic.

The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.

A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.

A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.