The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.

The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.

The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.

The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-6 secretion.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-6 secretion.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-6 secretion.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.

The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.