During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.

A growth pattern exhibited by budding haploid cells under certain growth conditions, in which cells retain the typical axial budding pattern of haploids, but become elongated and fail to separate after division; during growth on a solid substrate, this results in penetration of cells into the agar medium. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.

A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.

A pattern of cell growth that occurs in conditions of nitrogen limitation and abundant fermentable carbon source. Cells become elongated, switch to a unipolar budding pattern, remain physically attached to each other, and invade the growth substrate.

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.

The directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.

The directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.

The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.

Degradation of a cell nucleus by lysosomal microautophagy.

The directed movement of a ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid.

The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.

The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.

The transport of sterols between membranes in which a sterol molecule is transported through an aqueous phase from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane. This process does not require metabolic energy and can be either spontaneous or mediated by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs).

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A cortical network of highly dynamic tubules that are juxtaposed to the plasma membrane and undergo ring closure and tubule-branching movements.

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.