The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.

The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code).

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.

The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a small ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.

The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.

A ribosome located in the cytosol.

A ribosome bound to mRNA that forms part of a polysome.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of ribosomes held together by messenger RNA. They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro.

A ribosome located in the cytosol.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

The wall surrounding a cell of a dimorphic fungus growing in the single-cell budding yeast form, in contrast to the filamentous or hyphal form.

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.