The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the large ribosomal subunit.

The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code).

A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation.

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.

The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

The large subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol.

The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.

The large subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol.

A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.

The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

A ribosome located in the cytosol.

A macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules.