Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone substituted with glucuronic acid residues.

The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectin component of mucilage.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the leaf over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.

A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).

A tubular cell projection that is part of a pollen tube cell and extends from a pollen grain.