Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cold-induced thermogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.

Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.

A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.

Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse.

Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.

A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.

Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.

Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cold-induced thermogenesis.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.

The set of specific processes that generate the ability of an organism to induce an abnormal, generally detrimental state in another organism.

The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.

The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.

Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.

The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to deprivation of nourishment.

The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a chemical stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.

Any process that increases cell size.

Any process that increases cell size.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipophagy.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.

Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.

The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G1 phase, as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.

The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.

A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.

A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.

The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.

An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.

An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

Any of a series of ribonucleoprotein complexes that contain snRNA(s) and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and are formed sequentially during the spliceosomal splicing of one or more substrate RNAs, and which also contain the RNA substrate(s) from the initial target RNAs of splicing, the splicing intermediate RNA(s), to the final RNA products. During cis-splicing, the initial target RNA is a single, contiguous RNA transcript, whether mRNA, snoRNA, etc., and the released products are a spliced RNA and an excised intron, generally as a lariat structure. During trans-splicing, there are two initial substrate RNAs, the spliced leader RNA and a pre-mRNA.

An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.

The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.

A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the lytic vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.