A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins.

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.

A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins.

A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.

A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins.

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.

A series of molecular signals generated by the binding of a cytokinin to a receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sorocarp stalk is a tubular structure that consists of cellulose-covered cells stacked on top of each other and surrounded by an acellular stalk tube composed of cellulose and glycoprotein. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp development. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.

The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.

The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

A complex that possesses protein histidine kinase activity.

The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

The leaflet the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. In Eukaryotes, the cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane, and the mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane. In bacteria, the cell division site is generally located at mid-cell and is the site at which the cytoskeletal structure, the Z-ring, assembles.

The region at the end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.