Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

The regulated release of cortisol, a steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland.

The appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.

An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.

The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction.

The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.

The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.

The expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation.

The regulated release of cortisol, a steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.

The heat generation process that results in a rise in body temperature above the normal, often as a response to infection.

Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.

The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response.

A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response.

An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.

A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two gametes, which may come from two organisms or from a single organism, in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two gametes join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny.

The series of events in which a lipopolysaccharide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

The appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.

Any host process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of a host cell or organism.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).

The heat generation process that results in a rise in body temperature above the normal, often as a response to infection.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.

Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.

A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.

Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.

The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.

The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).

The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.

Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.

Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.

Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.

Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.

Any process in which smooth muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.

The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.

The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

The appearance of interleukin-1 beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

The appearance of interleukin-6 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.

Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group.

Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group.

Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin light chain kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin light chain kinase activity.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to a stilbenoid. Stilbenoids are secondary products of heartwood formation in trees that can act as phytoalexins. Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.

The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that modulates I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that modulates I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.

Any host process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of a host cell or organism.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

The adhesion of one monocyte to one or more other monocytes via adhesion molecules.

The adhesion of one monocyte to one or more other monocytes via adhesion molecules.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-6 secretion.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.

Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.