The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.

A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.

The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nephrocyte diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a garland nephrocyte. A garland nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and forms a ring with other garland nephrocytes around the esophagus. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.

The process by which hemolymph is filtered based on size and charge through a nephrocyte filtration barrier formed by the basement membrane and nephrocyte diaphragm.

The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.

The progression of the glomerulus of the pronephric kidney over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains \feet\ that interdigitate with the \feet\ of other glomerular epithelial cells.

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a filtration diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.

The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein.

The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor.

A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.

The progression of the glomerulus of the pronephric kidney over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.

The specification of polarized ommatidia. Ommatidia occur in two chiral forms. The trapezoidal arrangement of photoreceptors in the dorsal part of the eye is the mirror image of that in the ventral part.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule stellate cell. A Malpighian tubule stellate cell is a specialized epithelial secretory cell that moves chloride ions and water across the tubule epithelium.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule stellate cell. A Malpighian tubule stellate cell is a specialized epithelial secretory cell that moves chloride ions and water across the tubule epithelium.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.

Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina.

Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.

Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious.

The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein.

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).

The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.

The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.

The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.

The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.

The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.

The process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons.

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron).

The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).

The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains \feet\ that interdigitate with the \feet\ of other glomerular epithelial cells.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus are generated and organized. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney, which is adapted for filtration of hemolymph. The insect nephrocyte is anatomically and functionally similar to the glomerular podocyte of vertebrates.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.

The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.

A specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.

A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

A specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.

Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasma membrane bounded cell surface projection.

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasma membrane bounded cell surface projection.

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.

A specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.

A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.

The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.