Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.

Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.

The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions at the level of a cell.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.

The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.

The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the eye.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.

The progression of the Kupffer's vesicle over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The Kupffer's vesicle is a small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period.

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions at the level of a cell.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions at the level of a cell.

Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.

The directed movement of transferrin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.

A process in which an ion is transported across a membrane.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.

Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.

The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

The directed movement of a proton across a membrane.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.

A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).

Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.

A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.