Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.

Repression of transcription of telomeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.

Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.

Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.

A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.

Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.

Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.

The initial formation of a transcriptionally silent chromatin structure such as heterochromatin.

Repression of transcription of telomeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

Heritable alterations in the activity of a gene that depend on whether it passed through the paternal or the maternal germline, but that are not encoded by DNA itself.

The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.

The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hepatocytes within a population of cells. Hepatocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the liver that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.

The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrachloromethane stimulus.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.

Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.

The initial formation of a transcriptionally silent chromatin structure such as heterochromatin.

Repression of transcription of telomeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrocarbons that make up the cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.

The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

The introduction and uptake of foreign genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell, and often the expression of that genetic material.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaf are generated and organized.

The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.

Any process by which the number of skeletal muscle satellite cells in a skeletal muscle is maintained during muscle regeneration. There are at least three mechanisms by which this is achieved. Skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division ensures satellite stem cell numbers are kept constant. Symmetric division of these cells amplifies the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells. Some adult skeletal muscle myoblasts (descendants of activated satellite cells) can develop back into quiescent satellite cells, replenishing the overall pool of satellite cells.

The physiological enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.

Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression.

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.

Generation of cells within the nervous system.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.

The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.

Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence.

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.

Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.

Any heritable epigenetic process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the seed are generated and organized.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.

A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast proliferation.

Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosperm development.

Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4.

The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.

A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.

Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A chromatin-associated multiprotein complex containing Polycomb Group proteins. In Drosophila, Polycomb group proteins are involved in the long-term maintenance of gene repression, and PcG protein complexes associate with Polycomb group response elements (PREs) in target genes to regulate higher-order chromatin structure.

A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4.

The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.

A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.

A chromatin-associated multiprotein complex containing Polycomb Group proteins. In Drosophila, Polycomb group proteins are involved in the long-term maintenance of gene repression, and PcG protein complexes associate with Polycomb group response elements (PREs) in target genes to regulate higher-order chromatin structure.

A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins.

The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.