Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.

The process in which a seed trichome irreversibly increases in size in one

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants. It is a glucan consisting of two components, amylose and amylopectin, which are both glucose homopolymers. Starch is synthesized as a temporary storage form of carbon and can be catabolized to produce sucrose.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.

The controlled release of a nectar by a cell or a tissue. Nectar is a fluid secreted by many angiosperms to promote pollination by providing a reward to pollinators. Nectar may also deter certain organisms from visiting or play other biological roles. Nectar is a complex solution that may include the following types of compounds: sugars, amino acids, organic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, vitamins, phenolics, metal ions, oils, free fatty acids, and proteins.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The primary root develops directly from the embryonic radicle.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a karrikin stimulus. Karrikins are signaling molecules in smoke from burning vegetation that trigger seed germination for many angiosperms (flowering plants).

The process in which the developmental fate of an epidermal cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a seed trichome, causing a change in the orientation of cell division in the ovule epidermis at or just before anthesis.

The process in which a seed trichome irreversibly increases in size in one

A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.

A closed structure that is completely surrounded by a unit membrane, contains liquid, and retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.

A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A more or less rigid stucture lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances.