Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.

Any viral process that results in the inhibition of host cell type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.

Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of viral or host proteins in a host.

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a host pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.

Any viral process that results in the inhibition of host cell cytokine production.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by miRNA.

The complete protein-nucleic acid complex that is the packaged form of the genome in a virus particle.