The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.

The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.

The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments. Severing enzymes remove dimers from the middle of the filament to create new ends, unlike depolymerizing kinesins that use ATP to uncap microtubules at their ends

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.

The multiplication or reproduction of osteoblasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoblast cell population. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.

A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.

A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.

The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.

The formation of a protein hexamer, a macromolecular structure consisting of six noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.

The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments. Severing enzymes remove dimers from the middle of the filament to create new ends, unlike depolymerizing kinesins that use ATP to uncap microtubules at their ends

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.

A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.

A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.

The multiplication or reproduction of osteoblasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoblast cell population. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

The formation of a protein hexamer, a macromolecular structure consisting of six noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments. Severing enzymes remove dimers from the middle of the filament to create new ends, unlike depolymerizing kinesins that use ATP to uncap microtubules at their ends

The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments. Severing enzymes remove dimers from the middle of the filament to create new ends, unlike depolymerizing kinesins that use ATP to uncap microtubules at their ends

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.

The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.

A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.

A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.

A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.

The end, or tip, of a fungal hypha, where polarized growth occurs during hyphal elongation.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.

The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.

The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. In Eukaryotes, the cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane, and the mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane. In bacteria, the cell division site is generally located at mid-cell and is the site at which the cytoskeletal structure, the Z-ring, assembles.

A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs. For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.

A cell tip that was newly formed at the last cell division, and that has started to grow after the cell has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). New end take-off is when monopolar cells initiate bipolar growth.

A ring-shaped structure that forms at the medial cortex of a symmetrically dividing cell at the onset of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins.

The region at the end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.