The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.

The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.

The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen.

The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells into a substrate.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.

Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.

Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.

The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.