Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amacrine cell, an interneuron generated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina. Amacrine cells integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. Amacrine cells lack large axons.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.

The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.

The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory organ of the lateral line and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromasts are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.

The progression of the olfactory placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.

Generation of cells within the nervous system.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.

A process that increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amacrine cell, an interneuron generated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina. Amacrine cells integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. Amacrine cells lack large axons.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.

The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.

Any process that increases the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse maturation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.

An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat.

The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the larval eye in Drosophila are generated and organized. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure. During embryonic stage 12 the placode starts to invaginate, forming a pouch. Cells that will form Bolwig's organ segregate from the ventral lip of this pouch, remaining in the head epidermis. The remainder of the invagination loses contact with the outer surface and becomes the optic lobe. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic A cell and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic PP cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic PP cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.

The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).

The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).

Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product.

Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.

The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oenocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of an eye-antennal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.

The process in which the R8 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R8 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the basal parts of the ommatidium.

The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.

Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.

The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.

The process in which boundaries between a sensory organ and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained.

Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect).

The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to environmental time cues such as light.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.

The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia.

The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mushroom body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mushroom body is composed of the prominent neuropil structures of the insect central brain, thought to be crucial for olfactory associated learning. These consist mainly of a bulbous calyx and tightly packaged arrays of thin parallel fibers of the Kenyon cells.

A discrete cell cycle in the third instar eye imaginal disc after progression of the morphogenetic furrow that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis. It is essential for generation of a sufficient pool of uncommitted cells to develop complete ommatidia.

The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.

The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.

The process that gives rise to the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.

The process that gives rise to the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.

The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.

The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.

Generation of cells within the nervous system.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.

The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin.

The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin.

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.

A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards.

A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium).

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium).

The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.

The behavior of an organism in response to a sound.

The behavior of an organism in response to a sound.

Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).

A process that increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.

The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal.

The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system.

The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of swimming. Swimming is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the water.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells.

The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song.

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity.

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state.

Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.

Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.

The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the antenna are generated and organized.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the antennal joint are generated and organized.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otolith over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line nerve contains efferent axons that innervate hair cells of the ALL and afferent axons that project to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain. The octavolateralis column consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line nerve innervates hair cells of the PLL and projects to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.

Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors.

Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The palate is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The palate is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.

The conversion of a differentiated cell of one fate into a differentiated cell of another fate without first undergoing cell division or reversion to a more primitive or stem cell-like fate.

The conversion of a differentiated cell of one fate into a differentiated cell of another fate without first undergoing cell division or reversion to a more primitive or stem cell-like fate.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.

The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing.

The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing.

The progression of the olfactory placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.

The progression of the cochlea over time from its formation to the mature structure. The cochlea is the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear that is responsible for the detection of sound.

The progression of the cochlea over time from its formation to the mature structure. The cochlea is the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear that is responsible for the detection of sound.

The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized.

The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized.

Any process that increases the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state.

The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized.

The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized.

A vocalization behavior that is the result of learning.

A vocalization behavior that is the result of learning.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of saliva secretion.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of saliva secretion.

The developmental process by which a hard palate is generated and organized.

The developmental process by which a hard palate is generated and organized.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse maturation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.

The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus.

A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.

A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.