The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter, in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.

The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.

A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.

An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.

A cell cycle process that occurs as part of the male meiotic cell cycle and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two daughter cells.

Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.

The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development.

The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally.

The change in shape of cells at the dorsal-most (leading) edge of the epidermis from being polygonal to being elongated in the dorsal/ventral axis.

Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.

A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chaeta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.

Construction of the eggshell, a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration.

The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.

A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.

The maintenance of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.

The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome, a large intracellular spectrin-rich structure found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction.

The changes that occur during dorsal closure of the shape and structure of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies the dorsal side of the embryo.

The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids.

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi transport vesicle to the target lipid bilayer membrane.

The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.

Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).

Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.

The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a cortical granule by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. A cortical granule is a specialized secretory vesicle that is released during egg activation that changes the surface of the egg to prevent polyspermy.

The process whereby a membrane-bounded vesicle is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane.

An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane.

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.

A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy.

A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A vesicle that mediates transport between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.

A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.

The cleavage furrow is a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. The cleavage furrow begins as a shallow groove and eventually deepens to divide the cytoplasm.

The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.

Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.

A large intracellular spectrin-rich structure that has been found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells. The fusome is an elongated, branched structure, formed from the spherical spectrosome organelle.

The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

Either of two different areas at opposite ends of an axis of a cell.

A secretory vesicle that is stored under the cell membrane of an egg. These vesicles fuse with the egg plasma membrane as part of egg activation and are part of the block to polyspermy.

An organelle envelope that surrounds the chromosomes and the central part of the spindle apparatus during mitosis and meiosis; observed in many invertebrates. The spindle envelope consists of membrane layers, called parafusorial membranes, derived from endoplasmic reticulum membrane; in male meiosis it forms during prometaphase and persists until early in the ensuing interphase.