The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.

The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of immunoglobulin.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.

The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.

The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction.

A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule.

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions released from an intracellular store to convert a signal into a response.

The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.

The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next cell cycle phase.

The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a plasma membrane.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via JAK-STAT.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes engulf external particulate material.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.

The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment.

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN2 thymocyte. A DN2 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44+,CD25-.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.

The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

The leaflet the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule.

A cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Blebs are formed during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses.

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

A membrane region with a lipid composition that is distinct from that of the membrane regions that surround it.