Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginine catabolic process.

Any mating-type specific process that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

Any mating-type specific process that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any mating-type specific process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; this begins with the ATP dependent loading of an initiator complex onto the DNA, this is followed by DNA melting and helicase activity. In bacteria, the gene products that enable the helicase activity are loaded after the initial melting and in archaea and eukaryotes, the gene products that enable the helicase activity are inactive when they are loaded and subsequently activate.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching, the conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of target genes that are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular arginine catabolic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from DNA encoding a specific set of genes as a result of a transcription factor interacting with a serum response element (SRE). A serum response element is a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from DNA encoding a specific set of genes as a result of a transcription factor interacting with a serum response element (SRE). A serum response element is a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.

The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell.

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

The coming together of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the imaginal disc-derived wing during the conversion of a folded single layered wing disc to a flat bilayered wing.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. The wing is an appendage modified for flying.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.

The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.

The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pupa is a dormant life stage interposed between the larval and the adult stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis.

Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.

The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.

The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pri-miRNA transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pri-miRNA transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth.

The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.

The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.

The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.

The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.

A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

Any mating-type specific process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect).

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion. Conjugation with cellular fusion is the process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.

A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of epithelial structure.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from DNA encoding a specific set of genes as a result of a transcription factor interacting with a serum response element (SRE). A serum response element is a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.

The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.

The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.

The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are loosely packed (approximately 30-60 nm apart) and arranged with opposing polarities; the loose packing allows myosin (usually myosin-II) to enter the bundle.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix.

A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.

The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the culminant over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Culmination begins with a morphogenetic change of the finger-like or migratory slug giving rise to an organized structure containing a stalk and a sorus. This process is the final stage of sorocarp development.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the culminant over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Culmination begins with a morphogenetic change of the finger-like or migratory slug giving rise to an organized structure containing a stalk and a sorus. This process is the final stage of sorocarp development.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

The assembly of actin rods, a cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules.

The transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.

A process that modulates the rate or extent of water loss from an organism via the skin.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).

Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spore wall; a spore wall is the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.

The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.

The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.

The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.

Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.

Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.

The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.

The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the decrease in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head.

The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the lung are generated and organized.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tracheal cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers.

The progression of the eyelid in a camera-type eye from its formation to the mature state. The eyelid is a membranous cover that helps protect and lubricate the eye.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the primitive streak from unspecified parts. The primitive streak is a ridge of cells running along the midline of the embryo where the mesoderm ingresses. It defines the anterior-posterior axis.

The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules.

A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pri-miRNA transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pri-miRNA transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.