The chemical reactions and pathways by which a nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule is synthesized from another nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule is synthesized from another nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule.

The set of specific processes that generate the ability of an organism to induce an abnormal, generally detrimental state in another organism.

A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.

A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.

The process that occurs in a leaf near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, loss of functional chloroplasts, and an overall decline in metabolism.

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.