Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.

The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.

The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.

The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway.

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes.

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.

A cellular process that results in the controlled breakdown of synapse. After it starts the process is continuous until the synapse has disappeared.

Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.

A process that preserves the structural organistation and orientation of a synaptic cellular component such as the synaptic cytoskeleton and molecular scaffolds.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.

A cellular process that results in the controlled breakdown of synapse. After it starts the process is continuous until the synapse has disappeared.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cold-induced thermogenesis.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cold-induced thermogenesis.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.

The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.

The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.

The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.

The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes.

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.

A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).

A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.

Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.

The controlled release of proteins from a cell.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.

The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.

The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development.

The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.

The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.

Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.

The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.

A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.

A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.

The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.

Synaptic pruning mediated by complement system signalling.

Synaptic pruning mediated by complement system signalling.

Early postnatal vertebrate developmental process, during which axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), transmitting overlapping inputs from both eyes, segregate into distinct eye-specific non-overlapping regions in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus.

Early postnatal vertebrate developmental process, during which axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), transmitting overlapping inputs from both eyes, segregate into distinct eye-specific non-overlapping regions in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).

The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.

The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.

The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.

The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.

Any process that reduces cell size.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otolith over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.

Any process involved in the balance between food intake (energy input) and energy expenditure.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cold-induced thermogenesis.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cold-induced thermogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells.

The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.

The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.

The axon of inferior olive neuron that projects to the cerebellar cortex, largely via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They range in diameter from 1-3 um and are myelinated until they enter the granule cell layer. They give off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei. They synapse extensively with the dendrites of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer, where each fiber branches repeatedly to \climb\ along the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. Each Purkinje cell is innervated by only a single climbing fiber.

The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell.

A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains.

The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.

The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

A phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. Microparticles are heterogeneous in size, and are characterized as microvesicles free of nucleic acids.

The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.

The portion of the plasma membrane at the lateral side of the cell. In epithelial cells, lateral plasma membranes are on the sides of cells which lie at the interface of adjacent cells.

Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell.

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.

A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.

A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.

A collagen heterotrimer containing type VIII alpha chains;

A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains.

A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains.

A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).

The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues.

A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues.

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.

Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells.