The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.

The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.

The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.

Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase through the replacement of GDP by GTP.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.

The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.

The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.

The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.

Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell.

The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.

The formation of the neural tube by coalescence of mesenchymal cells followed by their conversion to epithelial cells to form a solid cord that subsequently hollows out (cavitates) to create a hollow tube. Secondary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the neural tube posterior to the posterior neuropore in mammals.

The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.

The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized.

The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.

The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.

The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.

The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.

The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance.

The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance.

The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.

The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.

A vesicle-mediated transport process, in which the synaptic vesicle membrane constituents are retrieved from the presynaptic membrane on the axon terminal after neurotransmitter secretion by exocytosis. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis can occur via clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms.

A vesicle-mediated transport process, in which the synaptic vesicle membrane constituents are retrieved from the presynaptic membrane on the axon terminal after neurotransmitter secretion by exocytosis. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis can occur via clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis usually resulting in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of inner ear receptor cells.

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a commissural neuron is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the adherens junction.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the adherens junction.

Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase through the replacement of GDP by GTP.

Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase through the replacement of GDP by GTP.

The orderly movement of a motor neuron from one site to another. A motor neuron is an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.

The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.

The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.

Vesicle-mediated transport of a neurotransmitter receptor complex from the postsynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic early endosome.

Vesicle-mediated transport of a neurotransmitter receptor complex from the postsynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic early endosome.

Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse

Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse

Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynapse.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynapse.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynapse.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.

An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.

An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.

An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.

The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.

A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.

A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.

A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant), the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and beta-catenin; may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.

A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant), the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and beta-catenin; may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.

The region of the myelin sheath furthest from the axon.

Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.

A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.

A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.

The component of the postsynaptic density membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.

The component of the postsynaptic density membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.

The component of the postsynaptic density membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.