The name of this superfamily has been modified since the most recent official CATH+ release (v4_3_0). At the point of the last release, this superfamily was named:

"
Cystine-knot cytokines
".

Functional Families

Overview of the Structural Clusters (SC) and Functional Families within this CATH Superfamily. Clusters with a representative structure are represented by a filled circle.
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FunFam 55: Placenta growth factor

Please note: GO annotations are assigned to the full protein sequence rather than individual protein domains. Since a given protein can contain multiple domains, it is possible that some of the annotations below come from additional domains that occur in the same protein, but have been classified elsewhere in CATH.

There are 10 GO terms relating to "molecular function"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Growth factor activity GO:0008083
The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.
3 P49764 (/ISS) P49764 (/ISS) Q63434 (/ISS)
Protein binding GO:0005515
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
2 O73682 (/IPI) Q5RHW5 (/IPI)
Growth factor activity GO:0008083
The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.
2 P49764 (/ISO) P49764 (/ISO)
Protein homodimerization activity GO:0042803
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
2 P49764 (/ISO) P49764 (/ISO)
Protein heterodimerization activity GO:0046982
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
2 P49764 (/ISO) P49764 (/ISO)
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding GO:0005172
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
1 O73682 (/NAS)
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding GO:0005172
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
1 Q63434 (/TAS)
Growth factor activity GO:0008083
The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Protein homodimerization activity GO:0042803
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
1 Q63434 (/IDA)
Protein heterodimerization activity GO:0046982
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
1 Q63434 (/IDA)

There are 55 GO terms relating to "biological process"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Sprouting angiogenesis GO:0002040
The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation.
8 A4VCG6 (/IGI) F1QDN7 (/IGI) F1QTG5 (/IGI) O73682 (/IGI) Q0QYI0 (/IGI) Q1ANK8 (/IGI) Q1ECU5 (/IGI) Q5RHW5 (/IGI)
Positive regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008284
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
3 P49764 (/ISS) P49764 (/ISS) Q63434 (/ISS)
Branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis GO:0001658
The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.
2 P49764 (/IDA) P49764 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0001938
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
2 P49764 (/ISO) P49764 (/ISO)
Sprouting angiogenesis GO:0002040
The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation.
2 P49764 (/ISO) P49764 (/ISO)
Positive regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008284
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
2 P49764 (/ISO) P49764 (/ISO)
Positive regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045766
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
2 P49764 (/ISO) P49764 (/ISO)
Regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure GO:0060688
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized.
2 P49764 (/IDA) P49764 (/IDA)
Angiogenesis GO:0001525
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
1 O73682 (/IDA)
Angiogenesis GO:0001525
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
1 O73682 (/IGI)
Angiogenesis GO:0001525
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Blood vessel development GO:0001568
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis GO:0001569
The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.
1 O73682 (/IGI)
Branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis GO:0001569
The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Vasculogenesis GO:0001570
The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.
1 O73682 (/IDA)
Vasculogenesis GO:0001570
The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Response to hypoxia GO:0001666
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
1 Q63434 (/IEP)
Positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0001938
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
1 Q63434 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0001938
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
1 O73682 (/ISS)
Vasculature development GO:0001944
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.
1 O73682 (/IGI)
Vasculature development GO:0001944
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Sprouting angiogenesis GO:0002040
The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation.
1 Q63434 (/IDA)
Sprouting angiogenesis GO:0002040
The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis GO:0002043
The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population contributing to sprouting angiogenesis.
1 O73682 (/IDA)
Endocardial progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation GO:0003262
The orderly movement of an endocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into endocardial cells of the heart.
1 O73682 (/IGI)
Cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart rudiment formation GO:0003319
The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline that contributes to the initial appearance of the heart rudiment.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Activation of phospholipase C activity GO:0007202
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
1 O73682 (/IDA)
Female pregnancy GO:0007565
The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.
1 Q63434 (/IEP)
Regulation of heart contraction GO:0008016
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Motor neuron axon guidance GO:0008045
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
1 O73682 (/IGI)
Response to glucose GO:0009749
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
1 O73682 (/IDA)
Phosphorylation GO:0016310
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
1 Q5RHW5 (/IDA)
Central nervous system vasculogenesis GO:0022009
The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Hemopoiesis GO:0030097
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.
1 O73682 (/IDA)
Hemopoiesis GO:0030097
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Thyroid gland development GO:0030878
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Animal organ regeneration GO:0031100
The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.
1 Q63434 (/IEP)
Positive regulation of protein complex assembly GO:0031334
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
1 O73682 (/ISS)
Cellular response to hormone stimulus GO:0032870
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.
1 Q63434 (/IEP)
Regulation of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting GO:0035477
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Angioblast cell migration from lateral mesoderm to midline GO:0035479
The directed movement of angioblasts from the lateral mesoderm to the midline which occurs as part of the formation of the early midline vasculature.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Dorsal aorta development GO:0035907
The progression of the dorsal aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Response to drug GO:0042493
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
1 Q63434 (/IEP)
Protein kinase B signaling GO:0043491
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
1 O73682 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045766
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
1 Q63434 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045766
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0048010
Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
1 O73682 (/IGI)
Neuron development GO:0048666
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
1 E7EZR4 (/IMP)
Pronephros development GO:0048793
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Artery morphogenesis GO:0048844
The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation GO:0050731
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
1 O73682 (/ISS)
Positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly GO:0051894
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
1 O73682 (/ISS)
Venous blood vessel development GO:0060841
The progression of the venous blood vessel over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. Venous blood vessels carry blood back to the heart after the capillary bed.
1 O73682 (/IMP)
Cerebellum vasculature development GO:0061300
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1 E7EZR4 (/IMP)
Regulation of vasculature development GO:1901342
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.
1 O73682 (/IGI)

There are 4 GO terms relating to "cellular component"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Extracellular space GO:0005615
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
3 P49764 (/IDA) P49764 (/IDA) Q63434 (/IDA)
Extracellular region GO:0005576
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
2 P49764 (/ISO) P49764 (/ISO)
Extracellular space GO:0005615
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
2 P49764 (/ISO) P49764 (/ISO)
Extracellular region GO:0005576
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
1 O73682 (/NAS)
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