The name of this superfamily has been modified since the most recent official CATH+ release (v4_3_0). At the point of the last release, this superfamily was named:

"
Cystine-knot cytokines
".

Functional Families

Overview of the Structural Clusters (SC) and Functional Families within this CATH Superfamily. Clusters with a representative structure are represented by a filled circle.
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FunFam 26: Nodal homolog 3-A

Please note: GO annotations are assigned to the full protein sequence rather than individual protein domains. Since a given protein can contain multiple domains, it is possible that some of the annotations below come from additional domains that occur in the same protein, but have been classified elsewhere in CATH.

There are 5 GO terms relating to "molecular function"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Protein binding GO:0005515
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
1 P43021 (/IPI)
Morphogen activity GO:0016015
Acts as a trigger for a pattern specification process when present at a specific concentration within a gradient.
1 Q96S42 (/NAS)
Receptor ligand activity GO:0048018
The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands).
1 P43021 (/IDA)
Type I activin receptor binding GO:0070698
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I activin receptor.
1 Q96S42 (/IMP)
Type I activin receptor binding GO:0070698
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I activin receptor.
1 P43021 (/ISO)

There are 126 GO terms relating to "biological process"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Mesendoderm development GO:0048382
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesendoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesendoderm development gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm tissues.
8 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P43021 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP) Q78CR8 (/IMP) Q96S42 (/IMP)
Dorsal/ventral pattern formation GO:0009953
The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
6 A0A0B5JK91 (/IDA) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IDA) A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IDA) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IDA) P87358 (/IDA) Q78CR8 (/IDA)
Dorsal/ventral pattern formation GO:0009953
The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
6 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP) Q78CR8 (/IMP)
Hypothalamus development GO:0021854
The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state.
6 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP) Q78CR8 (/IMP)
Spemann organizer formation GO:0060061
Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.
6 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP) Q78CR8 (/IMP)
Mesoderm formation GO:0001707
The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
5 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P43021 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Determination of left/right symmetry GO:0007368
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
5 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P43021 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Anterior/posterior pattern specification GO:0009952
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
5 A0A0B5JK91 (/IGI) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IGI) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IGI) P43021 (/IGI) P87358 (/IGI)
Cell fate determination GO:0001709
A process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Heart looping GO:0001947
The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Embryonic heart tube morphogenesis GO:0003143
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Animal organ morphogenesis GO:0009887
Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Notochord formation GO:0014028
The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IDA) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IDA) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IDA) P87358 (/IDA)
Floor plate formation GO:0021508
The formation of a ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Telencephalon development GO:0021537
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the telencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The telencephalon is the paired anteriolateral division of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Notochord development GO:0030903
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Retinal ganglion cell axon guidance GO:0031290
The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Floor plate development GO:0033504
The progression of the floor plate over time from its initial formation until its mature state.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Cell fate commitment GO:0045165
The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IGI) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IGI) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IGI) P87358 (/IGI)
Optic placode formation involved in camera-type eye formation GO:0046619
Establishment and formation of the optic placode, paired ectodermal placodes that become invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Embryonic eye morphogenesis GO:0048048
The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Inner ear development GO:0048839
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IGI) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IGI) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IGI) P87358 (/IGI)
Brain morphogenesis GO:0048854
The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Retina development in camera-type eye GO:0060041
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in heart jogging GO:2000223
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in heart jogging.
4 A0A0B5JK91 (/IMP) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IMP) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IMP) P87358 (/IMP)
Determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm GO:0003140
The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.
2 A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IMP) Q78CR8 (/IMP)
Mesoderm development GO:0007498
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.
2 A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IGI) Q78CR8 (/IGI)
Anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo GO:0008595
The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote.
2 A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IMP) Q78CR8 (/IMP)
Dorsal/ventral axis specification GO:0009950
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
2 A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IMP) Q78CR8 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
2 A0A2R8Q4U4 (/TAS) Q78CR8 (/TAS)
Nodal signaling pathway GO:0038092
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a nodal protein to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
2 A0A2R8Q4U4 (/TAS) Q78CR8 (/TAS)
Camera-type eye development GO:0043010
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.
2 A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IMP) Q78CR8 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0045743
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
2 A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IGI) Q78CR8 (/IGI)
Positive regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045766
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
2 P43021 (/IMP) Q96S42 (/IMP)
Determination of dorsal identity GO:0048263
Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
2 A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IDA) Q78CR8 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of developmental process GO:0051094
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
2 A0A2R8Q4U4 (/TAS) Q78CR8 (/TAS)
Primitive hemopoiesis GO:0060215
A first transient wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, gives rise to erythrocytes (red blood cells) and myeloid cells.
2 A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IGI) Q78CR8 (/IGI)
Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0000122
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.
1 P43021 (/IDA)
In utero embryonic development GO:0001701
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Gastrulation with mouth forming second GO:0001702
A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Mesoderm formation GO:0001707
The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
1 P43021 (/TAS)
Trophectodermal cell differentiation GO:0001829
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.
1 P43021 (/IDA)
Trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis GO:0001831
The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Neural fold formation GO:0001842
The process in which the neural fold is formed. The edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Liver development GO:0001889
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Placenta development GO:0001890
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
1 Q96S42 (/IMP)
Placenta development GO:0001890
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Embryonic placenta development GO:0001892
The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Maternal placenta development GO:0001893
Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Vasculature development GO:0001944
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Heart looping GO:0001947
The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.
1 P43021 (/IGI)
Inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation GO:0002085
Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0007179
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
1 P43021 (/ISA)
Determination of left/right symmetry GO:0007368
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
1 P43021 (/IDA)
Determination of left/right symmetry GO:0007368
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
1 P43021 (/IGI)
Determination of left/right symmetry GO:0007368
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
1 P43021 (/TAS)
Gastrulation GO:0007369
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Nervous system development GO:0007399
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Brain development GO:0007420
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Endoderm development GO:0007492
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Heart development GO:0007507
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008284
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Embryonic pattern specification GO:0009880
The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Anterior/posterior axis specification GO:0009948
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Anterior/posterior pattern specification GO:0009952
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Regulation of signal transduction GO:0009966
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
1 P43021 (/IDA)
Polarity specification of proximal/distal axis GO:0010085
Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the proximal/distal axis.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Regulation of gastrulation GO:0010470
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.
1 P43021 (/IGI)
Positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production GO:0010575
Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.
1 Q96S42 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production GO:0010575
Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Negative regulation of cell development GO:0010721
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation GO:0010862
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
1 Q96S42 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation GO:0010862
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Cell migration GO:0016477
The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Stem cell population maintenance GO:0019827
The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.
1 P43021 (/IGI)
Stem cell population maintenance GO:0019827
The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion GO:0022409
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.
1 Q96S42 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion GO:0022409
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Lung development GO:0030324
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway GO:0032927
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
1 Q96S42 (/IGI)
Positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway GO:0032927
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Floor plate morphogenesis GO:0033505
The process in which the anatomical structure of the floor plate is generated and organized.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Embryonic heart tube development GO:0035050
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Endodermal cell differentiation GO:0035987
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.
1 Q96S42 (/IMP)
Endodermal cell differentiation GO:0035987
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Nodal signaling pathway GO:0038092
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a nodal protein to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Cell migration involved in gastrulation GO:0042074
The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression).
1 P43021 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process GO:0043280
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
1 Q96S42 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process GO:0043280
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Cell fate commitment GO:0045165
The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Negative regulation of cell differentiation GO:0045596
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
1 P43021 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045766
Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1 P43021 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1 P43021 (/IGI)
Axial mesodermal cell fate specification GO:0048327
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Mesendoderm development GO:0048382
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesendoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesendoderm development gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm tissues.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Digestive tract morphogenesis GO:0048546
The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis GO:0048646
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis GO:0048701
The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Tissue morphogenesis GO:0048729
The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Formation of anatomical boundary GO:0048859
The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050679
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
1 Q96S42 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050679
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity GO:0051091
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
1 Q96S42 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity GO:0051091
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Digestive system development GO:0055123
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Embryonic process involved in female pregnancy GO:0060136
A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Maternal process involved in parturition GO:0060137
A reproductive process occurring in the mother that results in birth.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction GO:0060391
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
1 Q96S42 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction GO:0060391
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
SMAD protein signal transduction GO:0060395
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell.
1 P43021 (/IDA)
Left lung morphogenesis GO:0060460
The process in which anatomical structures of the left lung are generated and organized.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway GO:0060766
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.
1 Q96S42 (/IDA)
Negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway GO:0060766
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Epiblast cell-extraembryonic ectoderm cell signaling involved in anterior/posterior axis specification GO:0060802
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an epiblast cell to an extraembryonic ectoderm cell that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070374
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
1 Q96S42 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070374
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Primitive streak formation GO:0090009
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the primitive streak from unspecified parts. The primitive streak is a ridge of cells running along the midline of the embryo where the mesoderm ingresses. It defines the anterior-posterior axis.
1 P43021 (/IGI)
Transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in primitive streak formation GO:0090010
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the formation of the primitive streak.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry GO:1900164
A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a nodal protein to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the establishment of lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.
1 P43021 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry GO:1900224
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.
1 Q96S42 (/ISS)
Negative regulation of trophoblast cell migration GO:1901164
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.
1 Q96S42 (/IDA)
Negative regulation of trophoblast cell migration GO:1901164
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Negative regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation GO:1901383
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation.
1 Q96S42 (/IDA)
Negative regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation GO:1901383
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Regulation of stem cell population maintenance GO:2000036
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.
1 Q96S42 (/TAS)

There are 6 GO terms relating to "cellular component"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Protein-containing complex GO:0032991
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.
6 A0A0B5JK91 (/IPI) A0A0R4IZE5 (/IPI) A0A2R8Q4U4 (/IPI) A0A2R8QUR2 (/IPI) P87358 (/IPI) Q78CR8 (/IPI)
Extracellular region GO:0005576
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
1 P43021 (/IDA)
Extracellular region GO:0005576
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
1 P43021 (/TAS)
Extracellular space GO:0005615
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
1 Q96S42 (/IDA)
Extracellular space GO:0005615
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
1 P43021 (/ISO)
Extracellular space GO:0005615
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
1 P43021 (/TAS)
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