The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.

The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions released from an intracellular store to convert a signal into a response.

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at an endoplasmic reticulum exit site.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.

The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.

The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions released from an intracellular store to convert a signal into a response.

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.

An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the lumenal side of the membrane.

The portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus. The lumen of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum is contiguous with the nuclear envelope lumen (also called perinuclear space), the region between the inner and outer nuclear membranes.

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.

The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).

The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.

The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.

An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.

A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.

A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.

A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

The portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus. The lumen of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum is contiguous with the nuclear envelope lumen (also called perinuclear space), the region between the inner and outer nuclear membranes.